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CAS:59-30-3
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Product Name:Folic acid; B9
CAS:59-30-3
Purity:98% Package:10g---25kg Remarks:Pharmaceutical Grade |
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Product Name:folic acid
CAS:59-30-3
Purity:99% Package:100g,500g,1kg,25kg |
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| Products Intro: |
Product Name:Folic acid
CAS:59-30-3
Purity:Company standard |
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| | Folic acid Chemical Properties |
| | Folic acid Usage And Synthesis |
| Water soluble vitamins | Folic acid is a kind of important B group of water-soluble vitamins, it is separated out from spinach in 1941, named after very rich in content of the deep green leaf, which is also known as acyl glutamic acid.There are several forms in nature, its parent compound consists of three kinds of ingredients of pteridine, amino acid and glutamic acid. Folic acid containing one or more glutamoyl, natural folate are mostly glutamic acid form. The biologically active form of folic acid is a four hydrogen folic acid. In 1981, the American dietetic association naming committee (CNAIN) of folic acid and relatedwith compound of folic acid biological activities, collectively known as fo- lacin. Usually expressed biological activities as a unit of weight.
Folic acid is a dark yellow substance, not easy to dissolve in water, its solubility of sodium salt is big. In neutral and alkaline solution, its has the thermal stability, but in acidic solution, decomposition temperature is above 100 ℃. Folic acid and its sodium salt are damaged in the solution by the light.
Folic acid, which is solated from the liver and yeast, is mainly contains three glutamate or seven glutamic acid derivatives.
Most of dietary folic acid are glutamic acid compounds, which cannot be absorbed completely into the bloodstream. With 14C labeled second glutamine residue of butterfly acyl glutamic acid experiment, it is broken into pteroylglutamic acid in the absorption process, there is no radioactive folic acid in serum, and contains 14C in the exhaled gas. Many glutamic acid chain decomposition goes in intestinal mucosa cells. Folic acid had a small amount of storage in the liver. In pteridine nuclear, 4 - hydroxy is substituted for amino to 4 - amino folic acid, which is department of folic acid antagonist, hindering the nucleic acid synthesis.
Folic acid in the body has two methods of active absorption and diffusion passive absorption, and the main absorption part is in the upper small intestine. Reduced folic acid absorption is higher, the more pancreatic acyl, the less of absorption rate, glucose and vitamin C can promote absorption. After absorption of folic acid,it existed in the body in the intestines, liver, bone marrow and other organizations. Under the NADPH participation,it is reducted into folinic acid (with physiological activity (THFA or FH4) with tne function of folic acid reductase,which involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines.Therefore folic acid plays an important role in the protein synthesis and the process of cell division and growth, and has a promoting effect on the formation of a normal red blood cells. Lack of folic acid generated to reduce haemoglobin in red blood cells, cells mature, giant young red blood cell anemia.Human intestinal bacteria can syntheize folic acid, the general is not easy to lack. When the malabsorption, metabolic disorders or long-term use of intestinal antimicrobial drugs, can cause lack of folic acid. In addition, folic acid is widely exists in animal and plant products.There are abundant in offal, eggs, fish, beans and pear, beet, spinach, broccoli, celery, lettuce, citrus fruits, nuts and soy foods. Human daily take folic acid to maintain the 3.1 ug/kg every day, can have adequate folic acid in the body reserves. Pregnant women total intakeof folic acid daily should be more than 350u g, Baby safe intake according to kg weight scale similar to adults, 3.6 mu g/kg per day can meet the needs of the growth and maintain normal blood picture.
This information is edited by the Chemicalbook Han Ya. | | chemical structure | The structure of folic acid is one pteridine , through a methylene bridge with amino acid to adjacent to receie acid (with poison acyl), then combined with glutamic acid.
Figure 1 The molecular structural formula of folic acid | | physiological function | Due to the importance of folic acid in the diet，it gradually is recognized, especially the research about folic acid and birth defects, cardiovascular disease and tumor are gradually thorough, folic acid has become extremely important micronutrients. Since January 1, 1998, the United States has mandatory strengthening folic acid in some cereal, FDA regulation is that per 1 kg of grain food (bread, flour, breakfast cereals, rice, etc.), strengthen the 1.4 mg folic acid (DHHS, 1996). Therefore, the RDA is amended, revised the DRIs folic acid is necessary in 1988 in China.
The active form of folic acid is tetrahydrofolic acid(THFA). Under the action of folic acid reductase, folic acid will restore to four hydrogen NADPH. In 5, 6, 7, 8 of pteridine nuclear is addition of four hydrogen atoms. Four hydrogen folic acid is a carbon carrier, the supply Formyl, formaldehyde and methanol of a carbon block body are formyl glutamic acid, purine, serine, glycine, etc. A carbon group participat to four hydrogen on N6 or N10 position of folic acid. Folic acid plays an important role in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines in the format conversion of amino acids, as well as certain methylation reaction. Folinic acid such as carries formyl groups for the following reaction:
1.purine synthesis on 2, 5, 8 carbon;
2.glycine is converted into serine;
3.Homocysteine methylation form Methionine
4.from uracil synthesized chest pyrimidine;
5.To synthesize choline by ethanol amine;
6.Nicotinamide methylation form N '- methyl niacinamide, etc.
Lack of folic acid for human body produces giant red blood cell anemia, glossitis and diarrhea.
| | metabolism | Folic acid discharges through urine and bile, folic acid in the urine, the main product of folic acid in urine is acetyl amino benzoyl glutamic acid. The catabolism of folic acid is oxidative pyrolysis, and then aminobenzoic acid acetylation in the liver, next discharged. Most of folic acid is filtration by glomerular in renal proximal tubule and reuptake, daily folic acid is about 100 ug discharged from the bile. folic acid from bile discharge can also be absorbed by small intestine, so the excretion of folic acid are very few. It is difficult to determine which the droppings of folate or synthesized by intestinal bacteria. An average of adult folic acid daily lost amount is 60 ug, or 1 ug per 1 kg weight. Daily 60 ug folic acid can meet the needs of the metabolism of folic acid (Gailani, 1970).
| | The performance of the lack of folic acid | 1.giant young red blood cell anemia: when lack of folic acid, that first affect cell proliferation faster in organization. Red blood cells are update faster cells in the body, the average life is 120 d. Lack of folic acid has four stages: the first period is early negative balance, showing the serum folic acid is lower than 3 ng/mL (6.8 nmol/L), but folate is still red blood cell of the body to store more than 200 ng/mL (454 nmol/L);The second stage, folate in the red blood cell is lower than 160 ng/mL (363 nmol/L);The third stage, the DNA synthesis defects, in vitro DNA uracil inhibition test is positive, granulocyte split too much; The fourth stage, the clinical folic acid deficiency. In bone marrow, young red blood cells split proliferation speed slow down, stay stuck in the giant young red blood cell phase and mature, increased cell volume, immature red blood cells increased, at the same time, the decrease of the synthesis of hemoglobin, characterized by giant young red blood cell anemia.
2.Pregnant women who are lack of folic acid may increase the incidence of preeclampsia, placental abruption. With giant young red blood cell anemia, pregnant women are prone to fetal developmental delays, preterm birth and low birth weight of newborn.
3.Early pregnancy, who is lack of folic acid, is the main cause of fetal neural tube defects. Neural tube closure is in 3 ~ 4 weeks in embryonic development. Being lack of folic acid can cause neural tube fails to close and cause neural tube defects mainly with spina bifida and anencephaly.
4.Being lack of folic acid can cause high homocysteine levels. In the metabolic process of folic acid, the formation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid supplies methyl, which is participation in the transformation of homocysteine to methionine after methylation. When lack of folic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid forms insufficiently, to be obstacles of homocysteine to methionine, leading to accumulation of homocysteine in the blood, and the formation of high homocysteine levels. High levels of homocysteine damage to vascular endothelial cells, and can activate platelet adhesion and aggregation, and therefore it is considered may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Adequate folic acid intake has a role in prevention of cardiovascular disease. | | toxicity | Folic acid is water soluble B vitamins, but large doses may produce side effects, including:
1.the effect of interference anticonvulsants patients induced seizure. Folic acid and anti-seizure drug on the surface of intestinal cells, may also be mutual antagonism in the surface of brain cells, high doses of folic acid can continue to control the symptoms of epilepsy patients.
2.It may affect the absorption of zinc (Butterworth, 1989) caused by zinc deficiency, make the developmental delays, and low weight birth increase.
3.Cover early manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency caused by nervous system damage. Because most of the giant young red blood cell anemia of patients combined with vitamin B12 deficiency, excess intake of folic acid can interference vitamin B12 deficiency diagnosis, leading to severe irreversible nerve damage.
For above of these reasons, the FDA regulate the limit is 1 mg folic acid intake security daily .And regulation for folic acid to strengthen the staple food safety cap.
| | Indication | Folic acid is mainly used for nutrition, infancy or pregnancy period megaloblastic anemia, can also be used for adjunctive therapy for malignant anemia of vitamin B12 deficiency. This product can also be used for anemia caused by chemical substances (lead, benzene, etc.), in addition to food supplements and feed additive.
Small dose used in pregnancy prevention medication, taking during the 3 months before pregnancy and 3 months to early pregnancy, can prevent most of the neural tube defects of fetus. Pregnant women often take folic acid to prevent neonatal’s weight too light, premature birth and cleft lip and cleft palate and other congenital malformations of the fetus in the brain, nerve defects are also very important.
| | Human requirements and food source | Folic acid nutritional status of human , in general,it is using the content of plasma and red blood cells as the index of evaluation. For adult male, normal plasma is 6.8 ~ 27.2nmol/L (3 ~12 g/ml), average is 13.6nmol/L (6 g/ml), red blood cell in the normal average is 363.2nmol/L (160ng/ml), less than 317.8nmol/L (140ng/ml) is lack. The main form of folic acid in serum is N6 methyl tetrahydrofolate, and red blood cells for polyglutamate derivatives. Serum levels of folate show recent intake, and folate content in red cell shows storage in the body .For adults, the minimum requirement of folic acid is 100 ~ 200ug daily. In order to ensure the good folate status of human and daily dietary allowance for: 400 ug for adults, 800ug for pregnant women , 500ug for nurse, less than 30 ug for infants and young children half a year, 45ug for less than 1 year of age,100 ug for 1 ~ 3 years old , 200ug for 4 ~ 6 year old , 300 ug for 7 ~ 10 years old.
Folic acid is widely found in green leafy vegetables, rich in liver, meat, eggs, fish, beans, grains containing folic acid.
Figure 2 The content of folic acid in some common food for our country(ug / 100g).
| | drug interactions | High dose of folic acid can antagonistic phenobarbital, phenytoin and flutter Michler's ketone antiepileptic effect, make the seizures critical value decrease significantly, and the sensitive patients with seizure frequency increase | | identification test | Employ 0.001% of the sample fluid with 0.4% sodium hydroxide solution, under the minimum and maximum absorption wavelength of ultraviolet absorption spectrum, with the same reference level by pharmacopoeia folic acid preparation with liquid phase. A256 / A365 ratio is 2.80 ~ 3.00.
| | Precautions | 1.Being lack of VB12 results in gigantic young cell anaemia cannot only use folic acid supplementation, should be use together .
2.the pregnancy prevention drug use, drug should grasp the time, according to the recommended dose, not too much; Before a month to the three months early stages of pregnancy supplement folic acid to prevent neural tube defects effect is best, which is the development of fetal central nervous at this time.
3.the high-dose oral folic acid can affect the absorption of trace elements zinc.
4.nutritional gigantic young cell often combined iron deficiency anemia, should complement iron , and protein and other B vitamins at the same time.
5.It generally without maintenance treatment, unless it is poorly absorbed.
6.This product and folic acid metabolites are allergic disabled;Of folate deficiency anemia or diagnosis of unknown disabled.
| | content analysis | The preparation of standard solution: take pharmacopoeial grade standard folic acid 30mg (dry base), dissolved in 100ml of aqueous solution of 2ml ammonium hydroxide and 1g sodium perchlorate. According to the determination steps used in the injection volume, using the same solvent quantitative to adjust the volume, and the chromatographic analysis is 2 to 5 μg of folic acid.
The sample solution was prepared by the method of standard solution, and the sample was weighed accurately and adjusted to the same volume according to the standard solution.
Mobile phase in a 1000ml volumetric flask, was put 35.1g sodium perchlorate, 1.40g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 7.0 mL1mol/L potassium hydroxide and 40ml methanol ,with water content, mixed evenly. 1mol / L KOH for adjusting the pH value of 7.2 (in order to comply with the requirements of system analysis, methanol concentration can be changed, to suitable for leaf acid efflux time).
Chromatographic analysis system commonly is operated at room temperature under high pressure liquid chromatograph, equipped with a (25 ~ 30) cm * 4mm stainless steel column, which filling diameter is 5 ~ 10 m porous silicon or particulate ceramic chemical bond octadecylsilane. Flow corresponding to keep certain pressure and flow, in order to obtain the required resolution (see the following system suitability test) and the suitable time of outflow. Use at 254 nm ultraviolet absorption detector.
System suitability solution per 100ml containing an aqueous solution of 2ml sodium perchlorate and 1g ammonium hydroxide as solvent, preparation per ml each containing 1mg pharmacopoeial grade standard folic acid and formyl tetrahydrofolic acid calcium solution. Before using, it should be filtered by the porosity of less than 1 um membrane.
System suitability test is using by chromatograph separation, 5 standard solution of the same volume (up to 25 uL) injected into the instrument, and according to the detection steps for determination of the peak response value. According to the formula of 100 * (standard deviation / the average response peak value) calculates peak response values, the relative standard deviation shall not exceed 2%. With the same type injection of 25 uL volume of system suitability solution. According to the universal chromatograph test for R in the formula to calculate the resolution coefficients between leucovorin calcium and folic acid, shall not be less than 3.6 (with special column to reduce mobile phase of methanol could improve the resolution).
Determination step use valve or pressure micro syringe, an equal volume 25#1 following) sample solution and the standard solution into the chromatograph, determination of solution to obtain the peak of the response value. According to the following formula to calculate of folic acid in the sample (C19 H19N7O6) content (mg).
Folic acid content /mg=Vc * (Pu/Ps)
V - sample liquid volume, ml;
C -- the concentration of standard solution of traditional Chinese medicine standard of folic acid, mg/ml;
Pu and Ps,- peak response value of sample solution and standard solution, respectively.
| | Toxicity | LD50500mg/kg (rats, intravenous).
Can be used for food safety (FDA, 172.3452000)
| | Maximum allowable amount and maximum allowable residual standard of food additives | 
| | Chemical Properties | orange to yellow crystalline powder | | Chemical property | Orange acicular crystal. No melting point, carbonization at 250℃. For stable visible light, see ultraviolet activity decreased, acid, alkali accelerates the oxidation and hydrolysis. specific rotation [α]25D 23° (0.5%, 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution). The product of 0.1mol/l NaOH solution, at 256nm and 283nm, 365nm wavelength has maximum absorption. Does not dissolve in water, ethanol, ether and chloroform soluble in methanol, soluble in acetic acid, pyridine, hydrogen oxidation alkali and alkali carbonate solution.LD50 (rat, vein) 500 mg / kg.
| | Usage | A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate. | | Usage | hematopoietic vitamin | | Application | 1.Clinical drug, vitamin B, is used in the treatment of patients with pregnancy and infant type giant cell anemia.
2.Anemia drugs for symptomatic giant cell type or nutritional anemia. Most of the neural tube defects (NTDs) can also be prevented.
3.Used as biochemical reagent, as a food additive, also used in pharmaceutical industry, etc.
4.Folic acid is an anti anemia drug. Lack of folic acid in livestock and poultry, loss of appetite, growth, poor growth of feathers. The amount of 0.5-1.0mg/kg.
5.Food fortifier. Food for infants and young children, use 380 ~ 700 mu g / Mg; in pregnant and lactating women special food usage for 2 ~ 4mg / kg.
6.Used in preparation of Nylon in the polyamide industry and also used as a raw material for saturated polyurethane.
7.Folic acid is used in feed, medicine and food, but it is mainly used for feed.
| | Methods of production | Aminobenzoyl-L-glutamic acid, 2,4,5-Triamino-6-hydroxpyrimidine and trichloroacetone in the presence of sodium metabisulfite and sodium acetate, keep the pH value of 3.4 to 3.6, temperature of 36 to 40℃ for cyclization reaction time for 6h was orange folic acid precipitation. Also available α,β, - Dibromopropane instead of Trichloroacetone, under similar conditions to condensed products.
Folic acid system was first extracted from liver extract. Now the synthesis of production. Synthetic method can be first synthesis of pteridine nuclear, and then with aminobenzoyl-L-glutamic acid, 2,4,5-Triamino-6-hydroxpyrimidine α,β, - dibromopropane condensation to get folic acid in HAC NaAc buffer solution reaction to crude folic acid, refined by containing two molecules of water of crystallization of folic acid.
| | General Description | Odorless orange-yellow needles or platelets. Darkens and chars from approximately 482°F. | | Air & Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. Aqueous solutions have pHs of 4.0-4.8. | | Reactivity Profile | Acid solutions of Folic acid are sensitive to heat, but towards neutrality, stability progressively increases. Solutions are inactivated by ultraviolet light and alkaline solutions are sensitive to oxidation. Folic acid is also inactivated by light. Folic acid is incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents and heavy metal ions. | | Fire Hazard | Flash point data for Folic acid are not available; however, Folic acid is probably combustible. |
| | Folic acid Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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