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| | Hydrochloric acid Basic information |
| | Hydrochloric acid Chemical Properties |
| mp | -35 °C | | bp | 57 °C | | density | 1.2 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| | vapor density | 1.3 (vs air)
| | vapor pressure | 613 psi ( 21.1 °C)
| | Fp | -40°C | | storage temp. | 2-8°C
| | solubility | H2O: soluble
| | form | liquid
| | Water Solubility | miscible | | Sensitive | Air & Light Sensitive | | Merck | 14,4780 | | Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with alkalies, most metals. Avoid contact with water. | | CAS DataBase Reference | 7647-01-0(CAS DataBase Reference) | | NIST Chemistry Reference | Hydrogen chloride(7647-01-0) | | EPA Substance Registry System | Hydrochloric acid(7647-01-0) |
| | Hydrochloric acid Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | colourless gas | | Air & Water Reactions | Fumes strongly in moist air. Soluble in water with evolution of heat. | | Reactivity Profile | ANHYDROUS HYDROGEN CHLORIDE is an anhydrous (no water) strong acid. Reacts rapidly and exothermically with bases of all kinds (including amines and amides). Reacts exothermically with carbonates (including limestone and building materials containing limestone) and hydrogen carbonates to generate carbon dioxide. Reacts with sulfides, carbides, borides, and phosphides to generate toxic or flammable gases. Reacts with many metals (including aluminum, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, tin and all of the alkali metals) to generate flammable hydrogen gas. Reacts violently with acetic anhydride, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, calcium phosphide, chlorosulfonic acid, 1,1-difluoroethylene, ethylenediamine, ethyleneimine, oleum, perchloric acid, b-propiolactone, propylene oxide, silver perchlorate/carbon tetrachloride mixture, sodium hydroxide, uranium(IV) phosphide, vinyl acetate, calcium carbide, rubidium carbide, cesium acetylide, rubidium acetylide, magnesium boride, mercury(II) sulfate [Lewis]. Undergoes a very energetic reaction with calcium phosphide [Mellor 8:841(1946-1947)]. Corrosive to metals and tissues and irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. Corrodes galvanized or copper-alloy metals (brass, bronze); fittings of stainless steel or mild or cast steel must therefore be used. Reacts with calcium carbide with incandescence [Mellor 5:862(1946-1947]. Absorption on mercuric sulfate becomes violent at 125°C. [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:462(1956)]. | | Health Hazard | Gas concentrations of 50 to 100 ppm are tolerable for 1 hour. Concentrations of 1,000 to 2,000 ppm are dangerous, even for brief exposures. More severe exposures will result in serious respiratory distress and prolonged exposures will result in death. Mists of hydrochloric acid are considered less harmful than anhydrous hydrochloric acid, because droplets have no dehydrating action. Individuals with respiratory problems and digestive diseases may be adversely affected by low level exposures to the gas or mist. | | Fire Hazard | Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Containers may explode in heat of fire. At high temperatures, Hydrochloric acid decomposes into hydrogen and chlorine. The following materials should be avoided: Mercuric sulfate -- violent reaction with gaseous hydrochloric acid at 250F. Sodium -- reacts vigorously with gaseous hydrochloric acid. Acetic anhydride, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, oleum, propiolactone, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and vinyl acetate -- increase in temperature and pressure when mixed with hydrochloric acid. Calcium phosphide -- energetic reaction with hydrochloric acid. Silver perchlorate and carbon tetrachloride -- when mixed in combination with hydrochloric acid forms a compound that detonates at 105F. Formaldehyde -- when mixed with hydrochloric acid forms a human carcinogen. Material reacts violently with bases and is corrosive with the generation of heat. Reacts with base metals, forming combustible gas (hydrogen). Reacts violently with strong oxidants forming toxic gas (chlorine). Avoid heat; at high temperatures Hydrochloric acid will decompose into hydrogen and chlorine. |
| | Hydrochloric acid Preparation Products And Raw materials |
| Preparation Products | 2-FLUOROPHENETHYL ALCOHOL-->2,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid-->(E)-2-(2-Nitroethenyl)thiophene-->3-Phenoxypropionic acid-->trans-Ferulic acid-->3-Hydroxy-2-iodo-6-methylpyridine-->4-CARBOXYPHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE-->4-NITROISOPHTHALIC ACID-->1,2,3,4-THIATRIAZOL-5-AMINE-->4,6-DIMETHOXYPYRIMIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID-->QUINUCLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE-->4-METHOXY-3-METHYLBENZYL CHLORIDE-->METHYLENEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID-->QUINOXALINE-2,3-DICARBOXYLIC ACID-->2-Chloro-3,4-diaminopyridine -->Daidzein-->2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethanol-->Chlortetracycline hydrochloride-->N-(2-Naphthyl)aniline-->STRONTIUM HYDROXIDE OCTAHYDRATE-->2-Chloroethyl chloroformate-->1,2-Difluorobenzene-->Rubber peptizer-->Pigment Yellow 14-->Potassium clavulanate-->Sodium 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate-->C.I.Vat Red 29-->4,6-DIMETHYL-2-THIOPYRIMIDINE-->1H-Benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-->4-Deoxypyridoxine hydrochloride-->C^{12^} fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate-->3,5-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate-->tert-Butylferrocene-->Norfloxacin Hcl-->Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride-->4-Nitrophenyl isocyanate-->Granisetron hydrochloride-->Propyl chloroformate-->1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene-->1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin | | Raw materials | Sodium carbonate-->Sodium chloride-->Nitrogen-->Chlorine-->Hydrogen-->Oxygen-->Potassium chloride -->Compressor |
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